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The historical center of Jeddah, known as “Al-Balad,” is a captivating and culturally rich district located in the heart of the city along the eastern shore of the Red Sea. It is the oldest part of Jeddah and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its unique architecture, traditional houses, and historical significance.
Al-Balad dates back to the 7th century when it was established as a port city and served as a crucial trading hub between the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, and Asia. Its strategic location on the ancient incense trade route contributed to its prosperity and cultural exchange.
One of the most distinctive features of the historical center is its traditional coral stone architecture. The buildings were constructed using locally sourced coral stones, which were abundant in the Red Sea and provided an excellent natural building material. These coral stone houses feature intricately carved wooden balconies, known as “rawashin,” and beautifully decorated doors, reflecting the traditional Hijazi architectural style.
The maze-like narrow streets and alleys of Al-Balad are a delight to explore. Each corner reveals hidden gems, such as old souks (markets), historical mosques, traditional bathhouses (hammams), and coral stone watchtowers that once served as defensive structures. The bustling souks offer a diverse array of goods, including spices, textiles, jewelry, and traditional handicrafts, providing a glimpse into Jeddah’s vibrant mercantile heritage.
One of the most iconic landmarks in Al-Balad is the Nasseef House, also known as the Al-Nasseef Palace. This grand coral stone mansion was once the residence of the Al-Nasseef family, one of Jeddah’s prominent merchant families. The palace’s stunning architecture and historical significance have made it a popular cultural attraction and a center for various cultural events and exhibitions.
As the city of Jeddah has expanded and modernized, the historical center has faced challenges in preserving its architectural heritage. However, significant efforts have been made to conserve and restore the historical buildings and promote sustainable development in the area.
Today, Al-Balad stands as a testament to Jeddah’s rich history and cultural diversity. Its preservation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site is a testament to its value as a living representation of the city’s past. Visitors to the historical center can step back in time, wander through its ancient streets, and experience the authentic atmosphere of old Jeddah, celebrating its traditional heritage while embracing its modern identity.
